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Metropolitan Museum of "Basin Dabrowski"

Basin Dabrowski turns into a kind of museum. Sosnowiec today lies in the Silesia Province, belongs to the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union, will be included in a future "Silesia" and the whole of Poland is seen as a city of Upper Silesia.


beginning of the end

creation in 1999 of the present region "Silesian" coincided with the liquidation of the mining industry in ZD, which can be regarded as symbolic and practical date to say farewell to a certain age. Dabrowski Cities region were then formally absorbed by the Upper Silesia, while lost something I always identified the coal industry that is. Identity zagłębiowska was in fact built over decades based on the traditions of the mining industry, and importantly, in isolation from Malopolska. Malopolska region devoid of roots, in addition, very large territorially, it has become so (becoming) as an easy target for thirsty new areas, neighboring Silesia.

The museum zagłębiowskiego are people still believing themselves to be Zagłębiaków and few institutions that support this region. Do not include the prośląscy to him by politicians and supporters of "Silesia" (Gorski, Winiarski, Podraza and their ilk), because for them Dabrowski Basin is just vanishing in the sub-GSL ..

Expo Silesia, Sosnowiec? And who is surprised ...

Museum of Upper Silesia

Brynicy On the other side there is also a kind of museum people who do not want to go with the times, but their situation is incomparably better. Name of the region, its symbolism, perception in the media, support from national institutions and provincial museum dąbrowski far apart from the Upper Silesia. The first one is fighting for the right to exist, the latter only the directions of development (autonomy, woj. Upper Silesia, etc...) Comparing the situation of these two worlds is simply not in place, and sometimes it happens, unfortunately, also in Sosnowiec forums.


"Administrators"?

It is also true that the Province of Silesia was built entirely by sterile with all identity, "administrators." Between those who want the province Upper Silesia within the historical range (as few of them) and migrant administrators are still Silesians who have a different vision for the region (United Silesia), and they are numerous enough in the power structure of this province that they can successfully push through all of what they want (see - force terminology here.)

In truth we also note that, while politicians are passive and ZD spolegliwi report, however, sometimes demands a pro-Zagłębie. She was the amendment in the Parliament asks that this voivodship name "Silesian-Dąbrowa (about 150 deputies voted in favor), there were also demands the introduction of the symbolism of Malopolska (Little Poland Silesia-coat), and finally were disputes as to the name of the Metropolitan Association. They are all gone, because there is no tolerance for diversity in this province, but there is no plans to distribute it, what is not.

Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union is to Sosnowiec and Dabrowa Mining the present, while Dabrowski Basin is increasingly rejecting the story ...

Masterplan

Silesian region is an artificial region internally inconsistent and unstable. Even his name causes the conflict and no one really knows what it is all over. As many as half of the Malopolska province is a historical, regional identity on the "conquered" areas increases, it may happen so that Silesia would not be able to digest and absorb these areas permanently. But silesianiści have delineated a plan and consistently implement it. First won Province. "Silesian", later designated MAUS, now working on the metropolis, and how to achieve this goal, and - will strengthen cooperation within the agglomeration until the rise of an integrated city of two millions. Silesia is to be 10x greater than małopolsko-Silesian Bielsko-Biala, and it will be 10 times harder to build, but the course was marked out and the ship may cause slow, flowing to the target.


Rough

What has been written above is not meant to pit someone situation of the region, but to describe reality. Many people in the ZD because cheating is arguing that "we have our region", whereas this region is just leftovers and the myth of being a native memory. On the fringes of cities, ZD long installs Silesia became here the real host. The existence of "museum" absolutely does not bother silesianistom - let Zagłębiaków consider it, let them say it is a region, as long as nothing changed .

From the viewpoint of supporters of Silesia, but to the best museum did not realize that it is (hence, insisting that the name of the region irrelevant, etc.). A good example is indeed a password: Silesia Silesia is not . He uses it both a "museum" and silesianiści. For the latter, it is used to toning moods and demands of the rebels - not rebel against the name, after all, state "Silesian" is not Silesia, and how bad you are fighting with niedouczonymi journalists (ie, with windmills to infinity). In other words, at the present day for the supporters of "Silesia" is reality, and for "museum" merely illusions and fight for the crumbs.

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Pyrzowice vs Balice

two airports, just 80 km inevitably doomed to continued competition. Pyrzowice in this competition fall getting better and maybe it will soon become the No. 2 airport in Poland. The success of Pyrzowice determined by various factors, and contrary to appearances, not only the closeness of the agglomeration (Balice less potential for eligible population of the region of compensating for the tourists from abroad, who frequently visited Krakow).

Obviously, the choice of airports by passenger (especially local) is not determined by membership in the provincial port only the actual proximity, ticket price and availability of connections sought. Since for many people (passengers) due to the distance of both airports are equally interesting so the whole competition is focused on offering as many connections and (what is important in Polish) their price. Hence, the envy of many of the boards of both airports so. low cost, and compete in their ideas for attracting to himself.

for today more and more people from the vicinity of Krakow and begin to fly from Katowice which is a new trend, because the former is rather Balice attracted a lot of passengers from the province. "Silesia". In interviews given to the media by representatives of the Krakow airport can sometimes feel upset the existing situation. The possible loss of position Airport No. 2 will be a blow to Krakow Balice, and not only economic but especially prestigious.

in 2007 in Krakow cleared 35% more passengers than in Katowice. The difference this year is expected to be only 10% (per pasazer.com).

Both airports have ambitious plans for growth. There are even opinions that far too ambitious. "Pyrzowice want to build a completely new terminal port so that it could dismiss some 9 million passengers a year (same as now Okecie). Is it not too optimistic that the plans? Ostensibly maybe so, but according to some politicians / visionaries airport is intended to be a port ... No one in Poland and not enough to compete at even marginalize Balice early perspective. In addition to investments in the same Pyrzowice airport is also planned expansion of local road and rail connections (fast line through Bytom). The costs of building a fast line through Silesia would be large (mining damage land purchase, etc..), But plans are well advanced and is likely to be realized.

Dabrowski and Silesia Basin

Very often in the context of regional disputes raised is the issue of belonging Pyrzowice (gm. Ożarowice) to the county tarnogórskiego. And quite rightly so, because it is an interesting question of good imaging as it is absorbed by the Lesser Basin Dabrowski neighboring Silesia. However you look at the specific case more broadly, because it is usually shortness of the sentence "Silesians Pyrzowice seized because of the airport." Well Będzin Ożarowice not lost on the last administrative reform as some soot, but much earlier.

few facts: first

Ożarowice municipality was incorporated into the county tarnogórskiego 1 January 1973. The Communists have done so because of the relative geographical proximity Ożarowice Tarnowski Mountains - then the lines drawn in the administrative cities, districts and provinces without regard for the historical legacy of .

second In the PRL binding zoning (also for treatment) - take the Ożarowice Będzin resulted from the district that, in the municipality that is already two generations of people who have their birth certificates included: place of birth - Tarnowskie Mountains. It is a powerful integrating factor. Ożarowiczanie also benefit from the long tarnogórskiego education, work there, go for shopping, cinemas, cafes, etc.. (Because it is the closest major city). It is obvious that many of them considered the presence in the county Ożarowice Tarnowskie Góry as completely natural.

third Sometimes there are opinions that Ożarowice should rebel and demand a return to county Będzin. But let's be objective, and requires not only from others. First, Sosnowiec, DG, and Czeladź Będzin are still greater fervor in the integration of the region of Silesia Ożarowice than the authorities. After all, S-ec belongs to MAUS and reported adherence to the future Silesia. Why require a local (zagłębiowskiego) Ożarowice patriotism from the mayor as the presidents of the largest cities in the region do not have it for a penny? Secondly, it is accented membership county, and yet hardly anyone is considering this provincial. We all sit in Silesia, and this is the essence of things. Dabrowski Basin is not even his relationship with cities and municipalities so what is there to say? What is the alternative really is Ożarowice Będzin? Tarnowskie Silesian Mountains (near) or Silesian Będzin (below).

4th In the same way as were taken Ożarowice, are also absorbed Bobrowniki. For many people in this community because of geographical proximity are the most important cities of Bytom and Piekary. Work there, where they learn, benefit from treatment, etc. .. At both sites and Bobrownik Ożarowice coming too Silesians - they are attractive single-family housing. If you take this number of inhabitants (Ożarowice 5400) it comes out that is not good and rather ZD already lost this town forever, and may lose it the next ..

Dabrowski Basin as the region loses here, you may lose everything, and is gradually absorbed by the Silesia, not only in the area Ożarowice but entirely (as some people though have not seen). Some municipalities a little faster, a little different slower, but all going in the same Silesia wheelchair in the same direction.

Silesia Airport

Some argue that it Pyrzowice Silesia Basin Dabrowski and airport management in the meantime there is nothing to doubt. And not just for this. Quote from the magazine called Katowice (nomen omen) "Silesia Airport": "Czestochowa, the twelfth most populated city in Poland, the center of academic and industrial center brings together the economic potential of the northern half of the Silesia region." Czestochowa as midnight Silesia may sound for many strange, but these are the directions and the reality of this region ... The newspapers also Jura Katowice airport is the "Silesia" and everything in its area remains. As for the background sound voices of people who say that "Silesia Silesia is not?. ZD Czestochowa and this can at most sub-regions (to calm the natives a bit.) Subregions in the Silesia, of course.

The province and its development plans of the many things you can learn from the score reaching from the side just as prominent companies such as Katowice. They clearly show what is to be in the future, this new "Silesia," as big and as great ambitions is nowośląska tops (whether they succeed is another question.)

Delete?

Progressive Ożarowice absorption through Silesia does not look promising, but this does not mean that it should be deleted as a municipality Ożarowice Dąbrowa Basin, and not interested in it more. None of these things, just need to realistically assess the situation to draw conclusions relative to the rest of the region. Ożarowice case is also good to highlight where we really run these limits (for 20 years may now it will not talk about) and, unfortunately, to demonstrate the complete inconsistency in the views at the Silesian poniektórych regionalists.

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Former defensive residences west of Little Poland

For many centuries, the border remained Malopolska district of the kingdom, a New York served as its capital. On one hand, favored the economic development of the region, but on the other double-exposing it to the invasions of the near neighboring land. The proximity of a troubled border region prompted the Polish magnates to build the entire system of Western Galicia defensive stronghold. Particularly meritorious in this field was Kazimierz Great for that does not free it was said that "he found Poland built in wood and a brick." Medieval castles

were (are) the most striking landmarks in the region. Many of them still stand today, and although they are often only a ruin, they still carry a strong message in the spirit of old times and provide the 1000 summer Lesser / Polish heritage of these lands. Locks due to the owners (founders) can be divided into the king's bishop and knight. A lot of them in addition to defensive functions simultaneously played the role of the neighboring points of menopausal territories (Czech Republic).

Bedzinski castle was one of the furthest forward in the west among the Malopolska watchtowers.

Olsztyn
was a royal castle built in the first half of the fourteenth century by Casimir the Great. According to some sources, already in this place was a walled fortress of Cracow bishops called Przymiłowice . Olsztyn Fortress was one of the larger and more significant. To this day the upper castle with a tower and part of the building residential tower and village administrators.

Mirow
Initially, this place was a stone watchtower, cooperating with the lock bobolickim. In times of Casimir the Great, it was soon enlarged and turned into a classic castle. In 1501 he became the seat of ancestral coat of arms Jastrzębiec Myszkowski, who expanded it even more. To this day, among others survived parts of the walls and tower, and although the object itself to expansion, retains its characteristic Gothic shape. It is situated on a slight hill and quite clearly visible even from a considerable distance. Between the lock and bobolickim Mirowski (a distance of only 2 km) stretch Mirów rocks, which, along with scenic values \u200b\u200brepresent an attractive place for people interested in rock climbing.

Bobolice
royal castle in Bobolicach was founded in the fourteenth century by Casimir the Great. Very often changed its owners and not always continued on at the same time without conflict. In 1587 castle was overrun by Archduke Maximilian of Habsburg - its troops have done a lot of the damage. Even soldiers have greater damage Swedes, who in 1657 ransacked and burned the castle. From that moment on he began to gradually decline and change in disrepair. Today, however, the castle is rebuilt bobolicki and will soon be able to recover its former appearance.

Smolen was a medieval castle, its construction is attributed to the Pilczy Ottononowi h. ax, (first half of the fourteenth century). In 1563 the owner became a banker Seweryn Boner (Mr. Castle Ogrodzienieckiego), which expanded the Smolensk fortress and gave it the Renaissance style. Preserved up to now only a ruin - part of the chambers, walls and the tower height of 16 m. The castle is situated on a wooded hill.

Ogrodzieniec
Like the previous one, also this was a knightly castle - at the beginning of its existence, belonged to the house Włodków Sulimczyków. The fort is commonly known as "Ogrodzieniec, but is in just 2 km from the city Podzamcze. It was built in the first half of the fourteenth century on the highest hill Krakow-Czestochowa Upland (Castle Hill, 515 feet). It is also the largest castle in the jury, its volume is 32000 m3. In the mid-sixteenth, the owner has Seweryn Boner its reconstruction and typical Gothic structure has changed in the palatial Renaissance residence. They are currently known. permanent ruin located in the care of conservation.

Rabsztyn
Fortress rabsztyńska originally belonged to the family Toporczyków, and then was taken over and expanded by King Casimir the Great. To modern times, preserved fragments of the upper castle and the castle walls and bottom. Recently, it started its reconstruction - is reconstructed watchtower and the main tower. Rabsztyńska stronghold is located very close to Olkusz (gm. Olkusz), but another medieval Castle also existed in the city, but unfortunately it did not survive to this day.

Pieskowa
Brick Castle Rock was put into Pieskowa Casimir the Great, through what they are talking chronicles Jan. In 1542 he began his conversion, which transformed it into a classic Renaissance residence. Later, the castle was expanded and continued, despite a variety of historical turmoil, survived in good condition today (albeit with a much changed appearance.) Today it houses the Department of State Art Collection of Wawel. The castle is adjacent to the Paternity National Park, at its foot there are five ponds and the famous limestone rock called Hercules' Club.

Fathers
royal castle was built on the initiative of King Casimir the Great in the second half of the fourteenth century. There is mention that already in this place was a wooden watchtower / fortress, which the king simply expanded. His crew consisted of up to one hundred people and it was closely related to the defense of Cracow. Survived to modern times, only fragments of the building - part of the defensive walls, accommodation, entrance gate and the tower.

Rudno
This castle belonged to one of the most powerful families of the former Polish - Tęczyńska. It was erected in the mid-fourteenth century on a hill high above sea level 403 m. He was one of the largest and most magnificent Polish castles - for a long time it was called the "second Wawel Castle." Today, they are now only ruins but they still make quite an impression on visitors. From the elements which survived should be mentioned winding characteristic quadrangular tower, preserved the fragments of living quarters, chapel, several towers and defensive walls with bastions. Initially Tenczyn was a typical Gothic castle, in 1570 John Tęczyński rebuilt it into a rich Renaissance residence, and the next 1610 years were reconstructed, giving him a character of a fortress bastejowej.

Babice
is one of the bishops' three castles located in a region (the other two are Siewierz and Slavkov ). On the walls of the inner courtyard you can see the arms of the Bishops of Krakow - Z. Oleśnicki (Dębno) and W. Jastrzębca (Jastrzębiec). It was built on a limestone hill Lipowiec and so it was called. "Lipowiec" lost its importance after the acquisition by Z. Oleśnicki Siewierski Principality. They are currently the ruins, among which include preserved four-storey, 28 m tower.

These locks are just some of the old residence of the defense of western Malopolska. However, they are among the most important and what is important, preserved in fairly good condition today (compared with others). Are often referred to as "Jurassic castles" because they are in the Cracow-Częstochowa Upland (the exception is here Bedzin, which is formally on its edge). These forts were built of local stone so to blend into the neighborhood, Klippen landscape.

order is placed the names of locks according to their actual geographical location that is the most southernmost town in the north (Olsztyn) in a southerly direction. Castle Będzin should be between a rabsztyńską ogrodzieniecką say, but "the knowledge" of his photo is at the very beginning. It is no coincidence that all posted here are strongholds between Krakow and Czestochowa, as it is in this area occurred the most and they were most impressive here. In the south-western part of Malopolska province can meet rather defensive Courts (Sucha Beskidzka, High). Similarly, the Żywiec, which has not been preserved castles "in a climate of" those presented above (the old castle in Zywiec is admittedly medieval origins, but has been rebuilt and looks a lot differ from those set forth in the registration).

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Leftist sympathies in the region Dabrowskie

Red Basin - Part II

In 1945 came a new time and new authorities. Instead of an imposed system of free elections, which preached to all and sundry that it works for the good of "the working class." Working-class traditions of the region attempted to use it for propaganda purposes, and the story was clearly distorted. Prominent people then the apparatus of power emanating from Dąbrowa Basin were Aleksander Zawadzki and Edward Gierek. While the former is a completely forgotten figure today, it still raises a lot of Gierek emotions and controversy. It is also quite commonly associated with Sosnowiec.

In his memoirs, he wrote: I love Basin with the sky coated with heavy clouds of dust brzemiennymi, smoke and soot. Zżyłem of the land zrytą mine shafts and sidewalks, dotted with hałdami, all the poverty and misery, the people inhabiting it, hardymi not poddającymi to adversity.

Gierek fond of emphasizing that comes from Sosnowiec. This is often praised and ostentatiously flaunted this. In this respect, resembled John Kiepura even though they were obviously quite different characters. Some could then get the impression that the region Game is not particularly favorable. What was the truth about the privileges he says about, but we repeat: Basin owes Dabrowski E. Gierek smoking smelter Katowice, gray blocks Zagórz and soap, and ... the label "red" Basin. Help for the region, unfortunately, Edward did not come ...

hard to find in Sosnowiec, but a magnificent building from that era, the city could boast of it happening for other things. In 1975, coal mine, "Mortimer-Porąbka in Sosnowiec-Zagórze gierkowskim, changed its name to the Coal Mine" Red Basin. " It is not difficult to guess from whom the initiative change occurs. Known for its entertainment and lifestyle son of the then Prime Minister Jaroszewicz has been described as the "Red Prince", a Warsaw housing estate for PRL-legislative instruments VIP maliciously called "red bay of pigs". Gierek, however, apparently in the name "Red Basin" pejorative did not see anything. For him, this was just a working-class traditions of the region with whom the tradition as a Communist he wanted to identify with. Not everyone, however, so take back, and after 1989 people reluctant to ZD (On the other hand Brynicy) tried to use this term for the oppression of inhabitants of the region.

I do not think anyone in the Dabrowa Basin bothered Silesian barbs, but it does not hurt to pay attention to the phenomenon. It is interesting that these people remember the Gierek, and forgot about Communist Ziętku. Remember the Red Basin, and forget about what you name it Stalinogrodzie Classifieds wore at the request of the writer Morcinka and other prominent Silesians. April 27, 1953 r Morcinek Gustav gave the communist parliament speech owskim: here to greet the victorious troops Ślązak Comrade Stalin. No wonder that the Silesian, hiding in her heart deep gratitude to Comrade Stalin is a great, heroic city wanted to rename the Stalinogrod . Well ... apparently some of the memories and perceptions are always reset when you change the system.


In 1980, Solidarity was born, grew strikes, a year later, W. Jaruzelski imposed martial law, and so ended a decade of E. Gierek. It is worth mentioning that one of the longest strike establishments in December 1981 was Dabrowska mill. Its suppression was used almost 5,000 policemen, 2,000 soldiers and 200 armored vehicles including several tanks. Your episode in protest those years also had a mine in the Red Basin. " Eight years later, eventually splajtował PRL.

In the first free elections since 1989 in Dabrowa Basin won the Solidarity movement. In 1990 local government elections in Sosnowiec won the Citizens' Committee of Solidarity + MKK, which won a total of as many as 35 seats. The second group received the order just after 2 places in the City Council. But the disappointment came very quickly. Local establishments were closed, there is high unemployment, people began to fear for his own future. Postsolidarnościowe governments led to almost total elimination of the coal industry in the Dabrowa Basin. Closed mines with rich deposits in liquidated pavements sunk expensive equipment. All this meant that part of the public considered to be the authorities' "right-wing freaks" who suppress or selling off the cheap Polish industry. As a result, the electoral pendulum of sympathy for a long time swung to the left and the next election postsolidarnościowe groups received little support here.

The fact that the left is usually in the county getting more Sosnowiec votes than was known. the national average has meant that the term "red" Basin not gone after 1989, entirely in the past. During the electoral term is sometimes invoked at times.

Jolanta and Alexander Kwaśniewscy - in the opinion of much of the population of Sosnowiec, the ideal presidential couple.

successes in the left circle Sosnowiec resulted not only because of the liquidation of the local industry, but also some general sympathy of the people against "Left". The Myth of Edward Gierek, then still lingering in different parts of the country, was probably the strongest in the Sosnowiec. It turns out that some residents gave the city to buy a few good words ... If you ask them because the benefits for those times Sosnowiec it usually takes a long silence and then some ....... mention "roads and underpasses ". Of course, these successes should not be left overdo it - this band would get here is usually about 10% of the votes more than the so-called. "Secondary" districts. Nothing is as eternal, and the grace of voters in the brightly colored horse rides which can be seen on the results of recent elections.

As for the party called SLD formation it is very flexible and quite a little walking up to certain values. It is widely said to them as "communism", but are rather "businessmen" who have long since stopped believing in any ideology. First, they lived comfortably and being wealthy in power in the era of the PRL, and when the system is changed, they changed their views with him. With loyal friends of the USSR became a devoted U.S. allies and EU. One of the heads of the CIA described the Miller-era Poland as "extremely eager to work" and called the 51 U.S. state. At the local yard Sosnowiec leaders of the batch also adjust smoothly to current trends and build "the Silesian Sosnowiec," even at the cost of their own identity (in general have any?).

In 2001, the electoral coalition of the SLD-UP has obtained the best result Sosnowiec district in the country. This revived the myth of the "red" of the Basin, but now times seem to fade away success of the left.

It is also worth noting that although the left-wing sympathies of the inhabitants of the region are a reality, it is only a piece of the puzzle consisting of a larger and more varied whole. For many people, even a relatively insignificant part. To complete the picture of the region could include many other areas and disciplines - even a rich tradition of struggle for independence.

This topic, however, with leftist sympathies, and the Red Basin, so you can say in conclusion that the term now comprise as many as three different meanings - the first of these is the traditions of the revolution of 1905 are described in the previous section, the second meaning is "Gierek region" and Third is a good performance left the district in nearby years. Some of the matches to determine the fact that, in the Diocese of Sosnowiec only 33.3% of persons (2007) is attending the Sunday worship services (according to the church). Similar in this respect only: the Diocese of Warsaw (33.6%), Lodz (28.6%), Szczecin-kam. (29.3%), Legnica (35.9%) and Warmia (35.3%). The average for the whole Polish is 44.2%. Looking at the countries of Western Europe, these 33% are not so little.

traditions of the labor movement in the region with the time tried to appropriated owska PRL-formation, but the term "Red Basin," dating back to 1905, after the Revolution is best approached calmly and treat it as part of rich history of this land. There are some areas in Poland, whose history can be written down in one piece, here is different and I do not think that was a cause for worry, quite the contrary. Of course, with attribution to which I referred earlier - it is known that in Sosnowiec opposition defines SLD as "red" and is often used to insult the band, how it will always be, but it's not SLD Basin .. One thing is also certain - Poland will never in this region did not disappoint - even and perhaps especially in times of occupation and annexation, and that is why they say the most difficult moments. The time that was the highest and the region that began dąbrowski something more than "that Polish" to receive, the more that both PRL and during the transition after 1989 Basin Dabrowski paid double the price for the experiments that the authorities' urządzały Polish economy.

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Red Desert Basin

Red Basin - almost everyone at least once met the definition. However, not everyone knows where it came from, how much truth in it, and how much myth. To find out, should go back to the early labor movement in the Dabrowa Basin, because it is these traditions are at the root of the term.

Polish Kingdom

industry in the region Dabrowski began to develop intensively already in the early nineteenth century. First, there were coal mines, steelworks and then turn its other branches. The whole earth Będzińska time was a part of the Polish Kingdom, which was under the rule of the Tsar. At that time the Romanov Empire covered a huge territory and ranged from Polish far as Alaska. Residents Sosnowiec, Lodz or Warsaw for a certain period of its history were so administratively in one country with part of today's United States.

Dabrowski Basin was the most industrialized region of the Polish Kingdom. Accumulation of mines, mills and factories favored the creation of this area of \u200b\u200bstrong labor movement. Large impacts are also independents were Polish political parties, especially the Polish Socialist Party Jozef Pilsudski. Movements for independence, opposition to Russification, exploitation of workers and deteriorating living conditions in 1905 led to the outbreak of acute antycarskich riots. They covered all the Polish Kingdom and the Basin was Dabrowski One of the most important of their centers. Tide occurrences in the region began a strike at the factory, "Fitzner and Gamper" (later "Fakop"), and it was exactly 1 February 1905.

in clashes with Russian soldiers killed many of the protesters. Steelworks in Sosnowiec, in Katarzyna killed at least 38 people, several hundred were injured. The victims were in other cities in the region. For strikes to be actively joined pupils who have called for a course in Polish. Protests also supported the middle class and intelligentsia, and virtually all major political parties (which in fact they were an active party).

Republic Zagłębiowska

Antycarskie riots lasted with varying intensity for a long time. Their peak falls in the autumn, when the Dabrowa Basin was able to completely take over from the tsarist administration. The Russian army had already ceased to react and did not leave their barracks, police were disarmed, worried some control over the factories and tried to organize the Polish government. It should be noted that before it came to the formal establishment of the Republic, in the Basin Dabrowski as a result of extremely strong instances of the Tsar's government has previously gone on a bit big concessions.

Dąbrowa School of Mines students took an active part in the Revolution of 1905.

was the only piece of contemporary Polish Kingdom where it issued uncensored Polish press (printed in the acquired plants) and where there was almost total freedom rallies and demonstrations. Climax of this "freedom" was the proclamation of the Republic, which was built near the main agreement political parties operating in the region (PPS Pilsudski SDKPiL and National Democracy / Union of Workers of R. Dmowski). It was a consensus across party lines because the parties differed widely, ideological issues. The Republic survived until 10 November when he imposed martial law carat, which is gradually suppressed all revolts.

1905 revolution was not anti-Russian first appearances in the Polish Kingdom and the region Dąbrowa. Pine, for example, has written a glorious card during the January Uprising. However, these were the first riots on this scale and were the first in which the major role played by more and more aware of their rights workers. These protests gave rise to the term "Red Basin" - a red that is struggling to improve the living conditions of the working class. It is worth noting that the revolution was started 1,905 years to the protests in Russia, and specific instances in the Kingdom was only the fact that here were these two lines - alongside the demands of social independence.

In the PRL political formation of the then attempted to resort to the above-described instances and use them for propaganda purposes. The only question is whether the persons involved in the events 1905 years would like to have anything to do with the PRL-owska power which is power saving before the strikes of workers, like the Tsar brought against them by martial law ..

partitions

Typically the partitions is seen through the prism of the fight for independence. But the reality of those years was much more complex and richer. It is interesting that in those days were built (architecture), high degree of culture, industry development, relations with the tsarist administration, the status of the Kingdom and the individual regions, as well as the lives of ordinary people who are not in active politics were involved. Due to the passage of time to issues related to annexations may already have a big gap and focus on finding interesting traces of the past in those years.

in Sosnowiec amounting to more interesting things at that time are even issues related to the development of railways, and typically need to replace residues pozaborowych Orthodox Churches. Once there were three, still retains the only one - the church of Vera, Nadezhda and Lub'wi (photo). Orthodox maczkowska was demolished in the 50s (she was the oldest church in the city), while the largest and most splendid (style neobizantyjski) St. Nicholas Church was destroyed in 1938 on a wave then those are the objects of destruction across Poland. The initiator of its destruction was Prime Minister Slawoj-Składkowski, moreover, by the year related to Sosnowiec. Precious icons exported from Sosnowiec adorned church today Wroclaw. Well ... pity those demolished.

attention associated with the legacy of Partition deserves one more thing. Well, in the areas of former partitions remained to this day remains a sense of belonging. In Galicia it is a highly visible example of Cieszyn Silesia, where many residents are not quite that completely distances itself from Upper Silesia, it still has some sentiment against Krakow. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe Kingdom of the Congress there is a similar phenomenon. Even today, unmatched in the region Dabrowskie people complain about the "Warszawkę" which is quite common in the neighboring Silesia. Generally, the lands of the former Kingdom are the least "anti-Warsaw", or even completely takowymi are not being characterized by "other partitions. Any thread of sympathy and common awareness of past probably lots more out there so the subconscious mind takes in the sphere of individual people living in areas of old partitions.

Initially this topic was to be only a prelude to the Red Basin, but because of the comprehensiveness of issues had to be divided into two parts. So let's say that this was the first part: Red Basin - Revolution. The second part speaks of leftist sympathies of the inhabitants of the region soon .. _____

Red Basin and independent - Interview with Z. Woźniczka