Red Basin - almost everyone at least once met the definition. However, not everyone knows where it came from, how much truth in it, and how much myth. To find out, should go back to the early labor movement in the Dabrowa Basin, because it is these traditions are at the root of the term.
Polish Kingdom
industry in the region Dabrowski began to develop intensively already in the early nineteenth century. First, there were coal mines, steelworks and then turn its other branches. The whole earth Będzińska time was a part of the Polish Kingdom, which was under the rule of the Tsar. At that time the Romanov Empire covered a huge territory and ranged from Polish far as Alaska. Residents Sosnowiec, Lodz or Warsaw for a certain period of its history were so administratively in one country with part of today's United States. Dabrowski Basin was the most industrialized region of the Polish Kingdom. Accumulation of mines, mills and factories favored the creation of this area of \u200b\u200bstrong labor movement. Large impacts are also independents were Polish political parties, especially the Polish Socialist Party Jozef Pilsudski. Movements for independence, opposition to Russification, exploitation of workers and deteriorating living conditions in 1905 led to the outbreak of acute antycarskich riots. They covered all the Polish Kingdom and the Basin was Dabrowski One of the most important of their centers. Tide occurrences in the region began a strike at the factory, "Fitzner and Gamper" (later "Fakop"), and it was exactly 1 February 1905.
in clashes with Russian soldiers killed many of the protesters. Steelworks in Sosnowiec, in Katarzyna killed at least 38 people, several hundred were injured. The victims were in other cities in the region. For strikes to be actively joined pupils who have called for a course in Polish. Protests also supported the middle class and intelligentsia, and virtually all major political parties (which in fact they were an active party).
Republic Zagłębiowska
Antycarskie riots lasted with varying intensity for a long time. Their peak falls in the autumn, when the Dabrowa Basin was able to completely take over from the tsarist administration. The Russian army had already ceased to react and did not leave their barracks, police were disarmed, worried some control over the factories and tried to organize the Polish government. It should be noted that before it came to the formal establishment of the Republic, in the Basin Dabrowski as a result of extremely strong instances of the Tsar's government has previously gone on a bit big concessions.
Dąbrowa School of Mines students took an active part in the Revolution of 1905.
was the only piece of contemporary Polish Kingdom where it issued uncensored Polish press (printed in the acquired plants) and where there was almost total freedom rallies and demonstrations. Climax of this "freedom" was the proclamation of the Republic, which was built near the main agreement political parties operating in the region (PPS Pilsudski SDKPiL and National Democracy / Union of Workers of R. Dmowski). It was a consensus across party lines because the parties differed widely, ideological issues. The Republic survived until 10 November when he imposed martial law carat, which is gradually suppressed all revolts.
1905 revolution was not anti-Russian first appearances in the Polish Kingdom and the region Dąbrowa. Pine, for example, has written a glorious card during the January Uprising. However, these were the first riots on this scale and were the first in which the major role played by more and more aware of their rights workers. These protests gave rise to the term "Red Basin" - a red that is struggling to improve the living conditions of the working class. It is worth noting that the revolution was started 1,905 years to the protests in Russia, and specific instances in the Kingdom was only the fact that here were these two lines - alongside the demands of social independence.
In the PRL political formation of the then attempted to resort to the above-described instances and use them for propaganda purposes. The only question is whether the persons involved in the events 1905 years would like to have anything to do with the PRL-owska power which is power saving before the strikes of workers, like the Tsar brought against them by martial law ..
partitions
Typically the partitions is seen through the prism of the fight for independence. But the reality of those years was much more complex and richer. It is interesting that in those days were built (architecture), high degree of culture, industry development, relations with the tsarist administration, the status of the Kingdom and the individual regions, as well as the lives of ordinary people who are not in active politics were involved. Due to the passage of time to issues related to annexations may already have a big gap and focus on finding interesting traces of the past in those years.
in Sosnowiec amounting to more interesting things at that time are even issues related to the development of railways, and typically need to replace residues pozaborowych Orthodox Churches. Once there were three, still retains the only one - the church of Vera, Nadezhda and Lub'wi (photo). Orthodox maczkowska was demolished in the 50s (she was the oldest church in the city), while the largest and most splendid (style neobizantyjski) St. Nicholas Church was destroyed in 1938 on a wave then those are the objects of destruction across Poland. The initiator of its destruction was Prime Minister Slawoj-Składkowski, moreover, by the year related to Sosnowiec. Precious icons exported from Sosnowiec adorned church today Wroclaw. Well ... pity those demolished. attention associated with the legacy of Partition deserves one more thing. Well, in the areas of former partitions remained to this day remains a sense of belonging. In Galicia it is a highly visible example of Cieszyn Silesia, where many residents are not quite that completely distances itself from Upper Silesia, it still has some sentiment against Krakow. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe Kingdom of the Congress there is a similar phenomenon. Even today, unmatched in the region Dabrowskie people complain about the "Warszawkę" which is quite common in the neighboring Silesia. Generally, the lands of the former Kingdom are the least "anti-Warsaw", or even completely takowymi are not being characterized by "other partitions. Any thread of sympathy and common awareness of past probably lots more out there so the subconscious mind takes in the sphere of individual people living in areas of old partitions.
Initially this topic was to be only a prelude to the Red Basin, but because of the comprehensiveness of issues had to be divided into two parts. So let's say that this was the first part: Red Basin - Revolution. The second part speaks of leftist sympathies of the inhabitants of the region soon .. _____
Red Basin and independent - Interview with Z. Woźniczka
0 comments:
Post a Comment